THE USE OF LEGENDS IN T. QAYIPBERGENOV’S NOVEL-ESSAY “QARAQALPAQNAMA”

Abstract

This article examines the role and artistic function of legends and traditional narratives in T.Qayıpbergenov’s novel-essay “Qaraqalpaqnama”. Particular attention is given to the writer’s use of Karakalpak oral tradition, historical memory, myths, stories about historical figures, place-name legends, blessings, curses, and moral sayings. The analysis considers the legends concerning the origin of the name “Karakalpak,” A.Dosnazarov, the Aral Sea, the Qızketken canal, and the motif of female heroism. The study shows that Qayıpbergenov combines historical truth with artistic imagination and transforms folkloric and historical material into artistic truth. Through these elements, the novel-essay reveals the language, psychology, worldview, ethical values, and collective memory of the Karakalpak people. Folklore therefore functions as one of the central structural and ideological components of “Qaraqalpaqnama”.