Keywords
language maintenance
bilingualism
multilingualism
language policy
community attitudes
intergenerational
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Abstract
This article examines the complex interplay of factors influencing language shift and maintenance within bilingual and multilingual communities. Through a mixed-methods approach, we investigate the social, economic, and attitudinal variables that contribute to the dominance of one language over others, leading to language shift, or conversely, the active efforts and conditions that foster the continued use and transmission of multiple languages, resulting in language maintenance. Data were collected from diverse multilingual settings through surveys, interviews, and ethnographic observations. The findings reveal the multifaceted nature of language dynamics, highlighting the critical roles of language policy, community attitudes, intergenerational transmission, and the functional domains of language use in shaping language shift and maintenance trajectories.References
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