Keywords
Xitoy operasi
milliy opera
madaniy almashinuv
How to Cite
Abstract
G‘arb operasi Yevropa musiqa madaniyatining muhim san’at shakllaridan biri bo‘lib, XVI asr oxiri - XVII asr boshlarida Italiyada shakllangan va keyinchalik musiqa, drama, adabiyot, sahna ijrosi hamda raqsni birlashtirgan murakkab san’at turi sifatida rivojlangan. G‘arb operasining Xitoyga kirib kelishi tarixini Qing sulolasining Qianlong imperatori davrigacha olib borish mumkin. XVIII asrning 70-yillarida Yevropa opera asarlari Qing saroyida ijro etila boshlagan. Jumladan, italiyalik kompozitor Nikkolo Pikkinni (Niccolò Piccinni)ning “La Cecchina” (“Yaxshi qiz”, “La buona figliuola”) operasi Xitoy saroyida ijro etilgan ilk G‘arb opera asarlaridan biri sifatida tarixiy manbalarda qayd etiladi. Xitoy va G‘arb o‘rtasidagi madaniy almashinuvning rivojlanishi bilan G‘arb musiqasi missionerlar, chet elliklar, cherkov maktablari, yangi ta’lim tizimi hamda xorijda tahsil olgan xitoylik talabalar orqali kengroq tarqala boshladi. XX asrdan boshlab xitoylik musiqachilar G‘arb musiqa nazariyasi, vokal san’ati, kompozitsiya va opera ijodini tizimli ravishda o‘rgandilar. Shu bilan birga, G‘arb operasi shakllari Xitoyning an’anaviy teatri, xalq qo‘shiqlari va milliy musiqa an’analari bilan uyg‘unlashtirila boshlandi. Natijada Xitoy operasi taqlid va o‘rganish bosqichidan milliylashuv va mahalliylashuv bosqichiga o‘tdi hamda o‘ziga xos xitoy milliy operasi shakllandi. Ushbu maqolada G‘arb operasining Xitoyga kirib kelish tarixi, uning tarqalish jarayoni va Xitoy milliy operasining shakllanishiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri tahlil qilinadi.References
1. Mackerras, Colin. Chinese Theater: From Its Origins to the Present Day. - Xitoy teatr san’ati va uning tarixiy rivojlanishini o‘rganish uchun.
2. Goldstein, Joshua. Drama Kings: Players and Publics in the Re-creation of Peking Opera, 1870-1937. University of California Press, 2007. - Xitoy an’anaviy teatrining rivojlanishi va modernizatsiyasi haqida.
3. Opera, Society, and Politics in Modern China. - XX asr Xitoy teatr islohotlari, opera va ijtimoiy-siyosiy muhit o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarni o‘rganish uchun.
4. The Integration of Traditional Opera and Folk Songs in Chinese National Opera: A Case Study of The White-Haired Girl. - “Oq sochli qiz” operasida xalq qo‘shiqlari va an’anaviy teatr elementlarining qo‘llanilishi haqida.
5. Chinese Opera Art of the Sino-Japanese War Period: Genre through the Lens of Westernization. - Xitoy operasining G‘arb opera an’analari bilan aloqasi va urush davridagi rivojlanishi haqida.
6. The Development of Chinese Opera in the 20th Century: Take “The White- Haired Girl” and “The Red Guards of Honghu” as Examples. - XX asr Xitoy operasining rivojlanish bosqichlarini o‘rganish uchun.
7. A Study on National Art of Chinese Opera “The White-Haired Girl”. - Xitoy yangi operasi va “Oq sochli qiz” asarining milliy badiiy xususiyatlari haqida. Hanyang University, 2015.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.