Abstract
This article explores how irony functions in The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway as both an emotional and pragmatic strategy. Although the novella presents a simple story about an old fisherman’s struggle, much of its deeper meaning is not stated directly but implied through contrasts and subtle tensions. By analyzing selected passages, this study identifies different types of irony, including situational, verbal, and narrative irony. What is especially interesting is that these ironic moments do not just decorate the text - they guide the reader’s understanding of Santiago’s character and emotional state. From my perspective, irony allows Hemingway to express resilience, dignity, and inner strength without using complex language. The findings show that irony plays a key role in shaping both the emotional tone and the pragmatic meaning of the story. It also demonstrates how minimalistic writing can still produce strong psychological and philosophical impact
References
1) Hemingway, Ernest. (1952). The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
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3) Abrams, M. H.. (1999). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
4) Booth, Wayne C.. (1974). A Rhetoric of Irony. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
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