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Abstract
n-butanolning ammiak bilan o'zaro ta'siri jarayonida hosil bo'lgan ko'p komponentli tizimning muvozanat tarkibi 300–800 K harorat oralig'ida va reaktivlarning turli molyar nisbatlarida (1:1, 1:3, 1:6, 1:9) Kandiner va Brenkli usuli yordamida hisoblab chiqildi. Oltita asosiy reaksiya (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri spirtning sianlanishi, amin hosil bo'lishi, spirt krekingi, amin degidrogenlanishi, aldegid aminlanishi va ammiakning parchalanishi) uchun berilgan muvozanat konstantalarini tahlil qilish asosida asosiy jarayonni amalga oshirishning termodinamikm jihatdan qulay harorat diapazonlari aniqlandi. Asosiy mahsulot - butironitril C₃H₇CN ning maksimal muvozanat konsentratsiyasiga stexiometrik aralashmada emas, balki 600–700°K harorat oralig'ida ammiakning sezilarli darajada ortiqcha miqdori (1:6–1:9 nisbat) bilan erishilishi ko'rsatilgan. Ortiqcha ammiak spirt degidrogenlanishining qo’shimcha reaksiyalarining amalga oshishini samarali to’xtatadi va ajralib chiqqan suvni bog'lash orqali muvozanatini asosiy reaksiya tomon yo’nalishiga sabab bo’ladi. Jarayonning amin hosil bo’lishiga nisbatan nitril hosil bo’lish reaksiyasiga nisbatan selektivligi harorat oshishi bilan keskin oshadi
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