Abstract
Aflatoksinlar quruq mevalar, don mahsulotlari va yong‘oqsimon ozuqalarda uchraydigan, yuqori toksikligi va kanserogen xususiyatlari bilan oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi uchun jiddiy xavf tug‘diruvchi mikotoksinlar hisoblanadi. Ushbu tadqiqotda quruq mevalar tarkibidagi AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 va AFG2 aflatoksinlarini aniqlash uchun QuEChERS asosidagi ekstraksiya bilan uyg‘unlashtirilgan yuqori samarali suyuqlik xromatografiyasi – floresan detektori (HPLC–FLD) asosidagi sezgir va ishonchli analitik usul ishlab chiqildi hamda kompleks validatsiya qilindi. Xromatografik ajratish C18 ustunida izokratik rejimda 16 daqiqa davomida amalga oshirildi. Kalibrlash egri chiziqlari 0,2–3,6 ng/ml diapazonda yuqori chiziqlilikni namoyon qilib, barcha toksinlar uchun determinatsiya koeffitsienti R²>0,999 ekanligi aniqlandi. Usulning sezgirligi aniqlash chegarasi (LOD) 0,2–0,5 mkg/kg va miqdoriy aniqlash chegarasi (LOQ) 0,3–0,6 mkg/kg qiymatlarida qayd etilib, tiklanish darajasi 84,2–96,9 % oralig‘ida bo‘ldi, bu ekstraksiya va tahlil jarayonining yuqori samaradorligini tasdiqlaydi. Validatsiya natijalarida signalning takrorlanuvchanligi va barqarorligi RFSD hamda RFRSD ko‘rsatkichlari orqali 2,48–3,91% diapazonda baholanib, metodikaning analitik ishonchliligi yuqori ekanligi aniqlandi. Ishlab chiqilgan usul yordamida 30 ta quruq meva namunasi tahlil qilinib, yeryong‘oq namunalarida aflatoksinlar miqdori 0,2–6,27 mkg/kg, mayizda esa 0,275–3,29 mkg/kg diapazonda aniqlandi, umumiy aflatoksinlar esa ko‘p hollarda 0,2–4,0 mkg/kg atrofida qayd etildi. Xromatografik tahlillar davomida AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 va AFG2 komponentlari interferensiyasiz, aniq ajralgan piklar ko‘rinishida qayd etilib, usulning selektivligi va miqdoriy aniqligi yuqori darajada ekanligi tasdiqlandi. Olingan natijalar quruq mevalarda aflatoksinlar bilan ifloslanish xavfi mavjudligini ko‘rsatib, ishlab chiqilgan HPLC–FLD metodikasi past konsentratsiyalarda ham toksinlarni aniqlash imkoniyatiga ega, amaliy jihatdan samarali va oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi monitoringini olib borishda ilmiy asoslangan analitik yondashuv sifatida qo‘llanishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi
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