COMPOSITION AND POETICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE ILLUSTRATION OF NATURE IN ENGLISH AND UZBEKISTAN NOVELS (BASED ON THE NOVELS "A FAREWELL TO ARMS" AND "UFQ")

Abstract

This article examines the compositional and poetic functions of nature representation in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms and Said Ahmad’s Ufq from a comparative literary perspective. The study focuses on the ways in which landscapes, weather conditions, seasonal changes, and other natural elements contribute to the structural, semantic, psychological, symbolic, and aesthetic organization of the novels. Particular attention is given to the relationship between nature and narrative space, character psychology, plot development, atmosphere, and characterization. The research applies comparative literary analysis, close reading, narratological, stylistic, and historical-cultural approaches. The findings demonstrate that nature in both novels functions not merely as a background but as an active artistic component that conveys emotional and philosophical meanings. Hemingway predominantly employs nature to express individual psychological states, existential uncertainty, and the contrast between war and peace, whereas Said Ahmad integrates natural imagery with collective experience, national identity, cultural memory, labor and attachment to homeland. The study concludes that nature representation serves as an important intersection of universal human experiences and culturally specific literary expression.