COMPREHENSIVE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF (3E,3'E)-3,3'- (PROPANE-1,3-DIYLBIS(AZANEYLYLIDENE))BIS(1-PHENYLBUTAN-1-ONE) THROUGH FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AND HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS

Abstract

The symmetric Schiff base ligand, (3E,3′E)-3,3′-(propane-1,3- diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(1-phenylbutan-1-one), was synthesized via a condensation reaction between benzoylacetone and propane-1,3-diamine and comprehensively characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The FTIR spectrum exhibited a characteristic ν(C=N) absorption band at 1654.9 cm⁻¹, confirming the formation of the azomethine groups and successful synthesis of the Schiff base ligand. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing and to elucidate the supramolecular architecture of the compound. The d_norm, shape index, and curvedness mappings revealed close van der Waals contacts and weak π···π stacking interactions within the crystal structure. The corresponding two-dimensional fingerprint plots demonstrated that H···H contacts make the largest contribution to the crystal packing, accounting for 55.7%, followed by C···H/H···C (17.7%), O···H/H···O (5.9%), N···H/H···N (1.0%), and N···C/C···N (0.2%) interactions.