CHALLENGES FACED BY EFL STUDENTS WHILE DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS

Abstract

Speaking is one of the most crucial yet challenging skill for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Many students demonstrate good reading and writing abilities however find it hard to communicate well in spoken English. This article aims to identify the major challenges EFL learners encounter in developing speaking skills and to discuss evidence-based strategies for overcoming these difficulties. A literature review approach was used to analyze previous studies published in reputable journals. The findings show that speaking anxiety, limited vocabulary, lack of grammar knowledge, pronunciation issues, low confidence, insufficient classroom interaction, and little exposure to authentic English environments are common barriers to oral communication. The review also highlights that communicative language teaching, technology-assisted learning, peer collaboration, and regular speaking practice noticeably improve learners’ speaking proficiency. The study emphasizes the need for supportive and interactive learning environments that encourage learners to communicate confidently.