COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, AND UZBEK

Abstract

The rapid globalization of financial markets, international trade, and digital banking has significantly increased the demand for unified and standardized financial terminology across different languages. As English has become the dominant language of international finance, numerous financial concepts have entered other languages through direct borrowing, semantic adaptation, and terminological translation. Consequently, ensuring semantic equivalence among financial terms has become an essential task for linguists, translators, economists, and policymakers. This study presents a comparative analysis of financial terminology in English, Russian, and Uzbek by examining lexical, semantic, structural, and functional characteristics of financial terms. The research focuses on the classification of financial terminology, terminology equivalence, non-equivalent vocabulary, borrowing processes, terminology standardization, and multilingual financial discourse. A corpus consisting of terminology extracted from international financial organizations, banking legislation, economic dictionaries, and academic publications was analyzed using comparative linguistic methods, semantic analysis, structural analysis, corpus-based investigation, and descriptive approaches. The findings reveal that English terminology demonstrates a high degree of conceptual precision and international acceptance, while Russian terminology reflects a mixture of native formations and international loanwords. Uzbek financial terminology is characterized by continuous development, including the coexistence of indigenous lexical resources and numerous borrowed international terms. The study identifies several categories of equivalent, partially equivalent, and non-equivalent financial terms and proposes recommendations for improving financial terminology standardization in multilingual communication. The research contributes to comparative terminology studies and provides a practical foundation for translators, lexicographers, researchers, educators, and specialists engaged in multilingual financial communication.