Abstract
Vocabulary development is a fundamental component of language proficiency and communicative competence. Without sufficient lexical knowledge, learners cannot effectively develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. This article explores innovative pedagogical approaches to vocabulary instruction within the framework of modern language teaching theories. It examines theoretical foundations of vocabulary acquisition, identifies common challenges in classroom practice, and analyzes contemporary methods such as task-based learning, digital tools, corpus-based instruction, gamification, and differentiated teaching strategies. The paper also discusses assessment techniques and practical recommendations for improving vocabulary retention and active usage.References
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