Abstract
This article presents a comparative historical analysis of the English concept of surprise and the Uzbek concept hayrat, highlighting their etymological origins, semantic development, and cultural meanings. The research contributes to intercultural semantics and offers insights for translation studies, discourse analysis, and emotion theory.References
1. Crystal, D. (2019). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2. Elwell-Sutton, L. P. (1980). Persian grammar. Cambridge University Press.
3. Hornby, A. S., Ashby, M., & Wehmeier, S. (2015). Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary of current English (9th ed.). Oxford University Press.
4. Lane, E. W. (1863). An Arabic–English lexicon (Vol. 1). Williams & Norgate.
5. Lewis, G. (1999). The Turkish language reform: A catastrophic success. Oxford University Press.
6. Makovsky, M. (1996). Multiple Etymology and Semantic Development.
7. Novikova, L. (1994). Archaic Rituals and Mythological Thinking.
8. Oxford English Dictionary. (2023). Surprise. Oxford University Press
9. Skeat, W. Etymological Dictionary of the English Language.
10. Steingass, F. (1998). A comprehensive Persian–English dictionary. Routledge. (Original work published 1892)
11. Rakhmatullaeva Dilrabo Alimjanovna, Raupova Laylo Rahimovna. (2025). Cross- linguistic representation of the emotion of surprise in English and Uzbek film scripts., Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17318954
12. Rakhmatullayeva D.A. (2025) Semantic field of the concept "Surprise/Hayrat" in English and Uzbek., Mamun Academy Journal, Hiva
13. Raxmatullayeva Dilrabo Alimjanovna. Hayrat konseptining psixolingvistik hususiyatlari. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15179516
14. Uzbek National Encyclopedia. (2005). Hayrat. Toshkent: State Scientific Publishing House.