Abstract
Mazkur ilmiy abzor qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlari, xususan meva va sabzavotlarda pestitsid qoldiqlarining uchrash darajasi, ularni aniqlashning zamonaviy analitik usullari hamda inson salomatligiga potensial ta’sirini kompleks baholashga bag‘ishlangan. So‘nggi yillarda olib borilgan ko‘plab tadqiqotlar pestitsidlarning agroekotizimlarda keng qo‘llanilishi natijasida oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarida ularning qoldiqlari muntazam ravishda aniqlanayotganini ko‘rsatmoqda. Adabiyotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, pestitsid qoldiqlarini aniqlashda yuqori aniqlik va sezgirlikka ega bo‘lgan zamonaviy instrumental usullar — QuEChERS ekstraksiya texnikasi bilan uyg‘unlashtirilgan gaz xromatografiyasi tandem mass-spektrometriya (GC-MS/MS) hamda suyuqlik xromatografiyasi tandem mass-spektrometriya (LC-MS/MS) eng samarali yondashuvlardan hisoblanadi. Ushbu usullar yordamida pestitsidlarning juda past konsentratsiyalarini (mg/kg darajasida) aniqlash imkoniyati mavjud bo‘lib, bu oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini monitoring qilishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ko‘plab ilmiy manbalarga ko‘ra, boskalid, atsetamiprid, deltametrin, tebukonazol va xlorpirifos kabi faol moddalar meva va sabzavotlarda eng ko‘p uchraydigan pestitsidlar qatoriga kiradi. Ayrim hollarda ularning miqdori xalqaro va milliy me’yoriy hujjatlarda belgilangan maksimal ruxsat etilgan qoldiq darajalaridan (MRL) oshib ketishi aniqlangan bo‘lib, bu oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi nuqtai nazaridan muhim muammolardan biri hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga, xavfni baholashga oid tadqiqotlar natijalari ko‘pchilik hollarda pestitsidlarning kunlik iste’mol orqali organizmga tushish darajasi xavf chegarasidan past ekanligini ko‘rsatadi. Xususan, xavf ko‘rsatkichi (Hazard Quotient, HQ) odatda 1 dan kichik bo‘lib, bu aholining katta qismi uchun sog‘liqka sezilarli xavf mavjud emasligini anglatadi. Biroq ayrim mahsulotlar yoki alohida pestitsidlar bo‘yicha yuqori qiymatlar qayd etilishi ehtimoli mavjud bo‘lib, bu holatlarda potensial xavf inkor etilmaydi.References
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