Abstract
Ushbu maqolada qishloq xo‘jaligi chiqindilari, xususan paxta somoni, o‘simlik poyalari va boshqa lignosellyulozali biomassalardan Fe–Ni modifikatsiyalangan Y-tip FAU seolit katalizatori ishtirokida aktiv uglerod olishning kimyoviy asoslari yoritiladi. Asosiy e’tibor biomassa pirolizi, tar birikmalarining katalitik parchalanishi, deoksigenatsiya, aromatiklashuv, karbon skeletining shakllanishi va keyingi kimyoviy faollashtirish bosqichlariga qaratildi. Y-tip FAU seolitning uch o‘lchamli g‘ovak arxitekturasi, Brønsted va Lewis kislotali markazlari hamda Fe–Ni komponentlarining redoks xossalari aktiv uglerodning g‘ovak tuzilmasi va sirt kimyosini boshqaruvchi muhim omillar sifatida tahlil qilindi. Maqolada aktiv uglerod hosil bo‘lishi oddiy karbonizatsiya mahsuli sifatida emas, balki Fe–Ni/Y-tip seolit ishtirokida boshqariladigan katalitik-kimyoviy jarayon sifatida talqin qilindi. Fe(NO₃)₃ va Ni(NO₃)₂ tuzlaridan kelib chiqadigan Fe–Ni oksid markazlari biomassa parchalanishidan hosil bo‘ladigan kislorodli organik fragmentlarning deoksigenatsiyasi, tar molekulalarining parchalanishi, aromatik kondensatsiya va karbon skeletining barqarorlashuviga xizmat qiladi. FAU seolit esa adsorbsiya, diffuziya va kislota-katalitik cracking jarayonlarini boshqaradi. Natijada yuqori sirt maydoni, rivojlangan mikro- va mezog‘ovak tuzilma hamda adsorbsion faollikka ega aktiv uglerod olish uchun ilmiy asos shakllanadi.References
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