Abstract
Medical terminology represents a highly specialized subsystem of language characterized by precision, systematic organization, and internationalization. The lexical-semantic features of medical terms reflect historical, cultural, and linguistic processes that shape professional communication. This article examines the lexical-semantic characteristics of medical terminology in English and Uzbek, focusing specifically on terms related to infectious diseases. The study analyzes semantic structures, word-formation mechanisms, synonymy, polysemy, borrowing processes, and terminological standardization. Using comparative, descriptive, and corpus-based methods, the research identifies similarities and differences in the development and usage of infectious disease terminology in both languages. The findings demonstrate that English medical terminology is largely based on Greek and Latin borrowings, while Uzbek terminology reflects a combination of international terms and native lexical resources. The article contributes to medical linguistics, comparative lexicology, and translation studies by providing insights into the semantic organization and cross-linguistic adaptation of specialized vocabulary
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