THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND CROSS-LINGUISTIC DIFFERENCES OF INTERJECTIONS, ONOMATOPOEIA, AND MODAL WORDS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Abstract

This paper examines the theoretical foundations and cross-linguistic differences of interjections, onomatopoeia, and modal words in English and Uzbek. Drawing on the works of both Western and Uzbek linguists, the study highlights how these categories function as expressive units in communication. Interjections express sudden emotions, onomatopoeic words imitate sounds, and modal words reflect the speaker’s attitude toward reality. While they share universal communicative functions, their forms and stylistic usage differ across the two languages due to cultural and structural factors. The paper also reviews historical perspectives and the contributions of scholars who have worked within both linguistic traditions, emphasizing the importance of comparative analysis for understanding language universals and specifics.